Verb,Adjective,Adverb, Prepositions

• Verb 

Verb is a word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement. Every sentence must have a verb.

Kinds of verbs

1. Action verbs which express physical or mental action. Example: He rode the horse to victory.
2. Linking verbs which make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes it or explains it. Example: He has been sick.

• Adjective

Adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

• Adjectives are invariable: They do not change their form depending on the gender or number of the noun.
• Where a number of adjectives are used together, the order depends on the function of the adjective. The usual order is: Value/opinion, Size, Age/Temperature, Shape, Colour, Origin, Material. However, this is not strictly followed.

Examples of Adjectives

• He is a lonely man (Quality)
• This clock is German (Origin)
• My coat is very old (Age)
• This is a very long film (Size)
• He wore a red shirt (Colour)
• A square envelope (Shape)
• Grammar is boring (Judgement)

• Adverb

Adverb is a word that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

• Prepositions

A preposition connects a noun (with or without an article) or a pronoun to some other word. Prepositions are also called the little words of English.

Examples: (on, into, over, to)

• It stands on hills.
• The swagman jumped into the billabong.
• England is over the sea.
• She told the good news to him.

Prepositions of Time

	Examples
on	on Sunday
in	in the morning / in June
at	at night
since	since 1991
for	for 3 years
ago	5 years ago
before	before 2008
to	from Monday to Friday
by	by 7 o'clock

Prepositions of Place (Position & Direction)

	Examples
in	in the car / in India
at	at work
on	on the table
beside	standing beside the car
under	under the table
below	below the surface
over	climb over the wall
across	across the road
through	through the tunnel
towards	towards the house
from	from the garden
about	talking about exams

• Conjunctions

A conjunction is a word that joins two words or group of words.

The two classes of conjunction are cordinate or subordinate.

Coordinating conjunctions

These are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example: Jack and Jill went up the hill. The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.

• Examples: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Subordinating conjunctions

These are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example: I went swimmingalthough it was cold.

• Examples: although, because, since, unless
• Subject Verb Agreement

Basic Principle: Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs.

Example: My brother is a nutritionist. My sisters are mathematicians.

Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement

1. The indefinite pronouns anyone, everyone, someone, no one, nobody are always singular and, therefore, require singular verbs.
2. Phrases such as together with, as well as, and along with are not the same as and. The phrase introduced by as well as or along with will modify the earlier word (mayor in this case), but it does not compound the subjects (as the word and would do).
3. The pronouns neither and either are singular and require singular verbs even though they seem to be referring, in a sense, to two things.
4. The conjunction or does not conjoin (as and does): when nor or or is used the subject closer to the verb determines the number of the verb. Whether the subject comes before or after the verb doesn't matter; the proximity determines the number.
5. The words there and here are never subjects.
6. Sometimes modifiers will get betwen a subject and its verb, but these modifiers must not confuse the agreement between the subject and its verb.
7. Words such as glasses, pants, pliers, and scissors are regarded as plural (and require plural verbs) unless they're preceded the phrase pair of (in which case the word pair becomes the subject).
8. Fractional expressions such as half of, a part of, a percentage of, a majority of are sometimes singular and sometimes plural, depending on the meaning. (The same is true, of course, when all, any, more, most and some act as subjects.)
9. If your sentence compounds a positive and a negative subject and one is plural, the other singular, the verb should agree with the positive subject.